What disorder is caused by demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. This condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers, leading to inflammation and subsequent disruption in the transmission of electrical impulses along the nerves. As a result, individuals with MS may experience a range of neurological symptoms, including motor and sensory disturbances, cognitive challenges, and fatigue.

The other conditions presented do not involve the specific process of demyelination and inflammation in the CNS. Audio-spinal facilitation does not refer to a recognized medical disorder and may be a misinterpretation or an incorrect term. Dysarthria, while a speech disorder caused by muscle weakness, is often a symptom of other neurological conditions but not itself a result of demyelination. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to damage to the brain caused by external force and does not inherently involve the demyelination process characteristic of multiple sclerosis. Therefore, multiple sclerosis is accurately identified as the disorder resulting from demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system.