What treatment involves the discharge of electricity into the brain for severe depression?

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment used primarily for severe depression, particularly when other treatments have failed or when rapid response is necessary. ECT involves the application of small electrical currents to the brain, intentionally induced to trigger a brief seizure. The exact mechanism of how ECT alleviates depression isn't fully understood, but it's believed to help reset certain brain functions and to promote changes in brain chemistry, which can improve mood and overall mental health.

This method is typically considered when patients suffer from profound depression, accompanied by other complications such as refusal to eat or suicidal ideation. ECT is administered in a controlled medical environment under anesthesia, ensuring patient safety and comfort during the procedure.

In contrast, other options provided do not involve the direct application of electrical currents to the brain. Neurofeedback employs real-time displays of brain activity to teach self-regulation of brain function, while transcranial magnetic stimulation uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells, but does not involve electricity in the same manner as ECT. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy focuses on psychological techniques and does not involve any physical intervention at all. Hence, ECT is distinct in its approach and application as a treatment modality for severe depression.