Which method refers to the use of any or all communication methods (manual and oral)?

Total Communication is a comprehensive approach that incorporates various methods of communication, including both manual (sign language, fingerspelling, and gestures) and oral forms (spoken language, lip reading, and vocalizations). This method is particularly beneficial for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing as it allows for a more flexible communication style tailored to the individual's needs, preferences, and abilities.

By utilizing a combination of modalities, Total Communication aims to enhance understanding and facilitate better interaction between individuals with hearing impairments and their communication partners. This multi-faceted approach acknowledges the diverse ways people use language and can foster more effective communication in educational and social contexts.

Other options like cued speech, deaf culture, and hard-of-hearing each represent specific aspects of communication or identity within the deaf and hard-of-hearing communities but do not embody the broader spectrum of communication methods that Total Communication encompasses. For example, cued speech is a visual mode of communication that uses hand shapes and placements in combination with spoken language, which is just one aspect of Total Communication.