Which term refers to the initial processing and storage of memories?

The term that refers to the initial processing and storage of memories is encoding. This is a critical first step in the memory formation process, where information from our experiences is transformed into a format that can be stored in the brain for later retrieval. During encoding, sensory information is converted into a construct that can be recalled, involving various cognitive processes such as attention and the organization of information.

In contrast, memory refers more broadly to the entire system of storing and recalling information, which includes encoding, retention, and retrieval. Perception is related to the way we interpret sensory input, which occurs before encoding can take place. Retrieval, on the other hand, specifically deals with accessing and bringing stored information back into consciousness. Therefore, encoding accurately captures the essence of initial processing and storage, making it the appropriate choice.